Mafuta a Sunlar Enerney ndi zitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Mafuta a Sunlar Enerney ndi zitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito
Tanthauzo la mphamvu za dzuwa ndi mphamvu zochokera ku dzuwa ndipo titha kujambula chifukwa cha radiation ya dzuwa. Lingaliro la mphamvu za dzuwa nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauza mphamvu yamagetsi kapena yamagetsi yomwe imapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito radiation ya dzuwa.

Mphamvu iyi imayimira gwero lalikulu lamphamvu padziko lapansi. Chifukwa ndi gwero losakira, limawonedwa bwino mphamvu.

Kuchokera mphamvu izi, magetsi ena ambiri amachokera, monga:

Mphamvu, zomwe zimatsutsa mphamvu ya mphepo. Mphepo imapangidwa dzuwa litatentha mavoliyumu akuluakulu.
Mafuta osungirako zinthu zakale: amachokera kundende yayitali kwambiri. Organic adawongolera anali photostetethezing mbewu.
Mphamvu ya hydraulic, yomwe imagwera mphamvu yamadzi. Popanda radiation ya dzuwa, kuzungulira kwamadzi sikungathe.
Mphamvu yochokera ku biomass, kamodzinso, ndizochitika chifukwa cha photosynthesi ya mbewu.
Mphamvu yamtunduwu yosinthika ndi njira ina yofunikira mafuta osungirako zinthu zakale owonjezera ngati mpweya woipa monga kaboni.

Zitsanzo za Mphamvu za dzuwa
Zitsanzo zina za mphamvu za dzuwa zimaphatikizapo izi:

Mapulogalamu a Photovovoltac torlar amapanga magetsi; Maofesiwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, mapiri, ndi zina zambiri.
Photovovoltaic Power: Ndiwo zowonjezera ma pv manels omwe cholinga chawo ndikupanga magetsi kuti apereke zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Magalimoto a dzuwa amagwiritsa ntchito ma cell a PV kuti asinthe ma radiation a dzuwa ku magetsi kuyendetsa galimoto yamagetsi.
Onyamula dzuwa: Amapangidwa ndi parabolic dongosolo kuti ayang'ane kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti akweze kutentha ndi kuphika.
Makina otenthetsa: okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, madzimadzi amatha kutentha omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito potentha.
Kutentha kwa dziwe ndi gawo losavuta lomwe madzi amadzimadzi amayenda motsatira malo osungirako solar omwe amadziwika ndi dzuwa.
Zolemba: Zipangizo zina zamagetsi zimakhala ndi gulu laling'ono la dzuwa kuti lizipereka mphamvu pamagetsi.
Gulu la oyendetsa dzuwa ndi mtundu wa mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa dzuwa kuti muletse malo. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mnyumba ndi nyumba kuti zithetse mpweya wabwino komanso kuchepetsa mtengo mphamvu. Solar mpweya wabwino ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti iyake chipinda chimodzi kapena nyumba yonse.
Photosynthesis ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe mbewu zimagwiritsa ntchito kusintha mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamankhwala.
Mitundu ya Mphamvu ya dzuwa
Pali mitundu itatu ya materikinoloje a solar:

Photovovoltaic dzuwa: mapasiketi a PV a dzuwa amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe, ma radiation a dzuwa akumenya, amatulutsa ma elekitoni ndikupanga magetsi.
Mphamvu zamafuta dzuwa: Katunduyu amapeza mwayi kwa kutentha kwa dzuwa. Ma radiation a dzuwa amasinthidwa kukhala otentha kuti atenthe madziwo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pothirira madzi otentha. Mu dzuwa mphamvu zomera, nthunzi imapangidwa ndipo, pambuyo pake, magetsi.
Mphamvu zopindika za dzuwa ndi gwero potenga mwayi kutentha dzuwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri opanga magalimoto akhoza kusankha komwe angaike mawindo, poganizira komwe radiation ya dzuwa imalandiridwa. Njirayi imadziwika kuti ndi zomangamanga za bioclematic.
Kodi mphamvu za dzuwa zimapangidwa bwanji?
Malinga ndi malingaliro akuthupi, mphamvu za dzuwa zimapangidwa padzuwa kudzera mu kusintha kwa nyukiliya. Mphamvuzi zikafika padziko lapansi, titha kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi m'njira zambiri:

Madelo a dzuwa ndi ma cell a PhopVoltaltaltal. Pagevoltaic mapanelo amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe, mukalandira kuwala, mwachindunji ndikutulutsa elekitoni. Mwanjira imeneyi, ma radiation ya dzuwa amasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito onyamula dzuwa omwe amapangidwa kuti asinthidwe ma radiation a dzuwa mu mphamvu yamafuta. Cholinga chake ndikutenthetsa madzimadzi omwe amazungulira mkati. Pankhaniyi, tiribe magetsi, koma tili ndi madzimadzi otentha kwambiri omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapulogalamu ambiri.
Kukhazikika kwa dzuwa ndi kachitidwe komwe kumawonetsera kuwala konse kwa dzuwa kuloza koyenera kuti mufikire kutentha kwambiri. Tekinoloje iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mmera wamphamvu m'badwo wamphamvu.
Makina a State Studen Mphamvu zamagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa popanda mphamvu yakunja. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a zomangamanga amalola kuphika kwakukulu kwa dzuwa nthawi yozizira ndikupewa kutentha kwambiri nthawi yotentha.
Mitundu ya mapanelo a dzuwa
Mawu oti solar mapanelo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa njira zonse (Photovoltal ndi matenthedwe). Mulimonsemo, kapangidwe kake kamasiyana kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Gulu la solar limagwiritsa ntchito ma ray a rallar kuti muchepetse madzi omwe amasintha kutentha kwa madzimadzi kenako kutentha madzi. Mafuta a dzuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba kuti apeze madzi otentha.
Pulogalamu ya zithunzi za zithunzi zimagwiritsa ntchito katundu wa semiconductor yomwe imayikidwa mu maselo a dzuwa. Ma cell a solar amatulutsa mphamvu zamagetsi akakhala ndi ma radiation. Chifukwa cha omwe amatchedwa Photovoltaic zotsatira, kuwonekera kwa dzuwa kumapangitsa kusuntha kwa ma elekitoni mu chinthu (nthawi zambiri sikicon), kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azitukuko.
Gulu la ma solaring solar limagwiritsanso ntchito miyala yamtundu wa parabolic yokhala ndi mzere. Cholinga cha magalasi awa ndikungoyang'ana kwambiri ma radiation a dzuwa ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuti mufikire kutentha kwambiri kuti mupange nthunzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa

Kugwirizira mphamvu ya Dzuwa: Kuwongolera kwa Phondovovoltaics
Mphamvu za dzuwa zimagwiritsa ntchito zambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zingafotokozedwe mwachidule mu mfundo zitatu:

Madzi otentha DHW
Kutentha kwa dzuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka madzi otentha otentha (DHW) ndi kutentha kupita kunyumba ndi maofesi ang'onoang'ono. Zomera za dzuwa zidamangidwa kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito ma turbines, sinthani kutentha kosungidwa kukhala magetsi.

Komabe, prototypes iyi sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha magwiridwe ochepa azomera izi poyerekeza ndi mtengo wokwera komanso magetsi osokoneza bongo.

M'badwo wamagetsi
Pagevoltaic manels amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu madongosolo a dzuwa kuwunikira zida zamagetsi kutali ndi ma network amagetsi (malo obwereza, etc.). Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poizona ndi mphamvu zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira kuti kulumikizana kwamagetsi sikungakhale kwachuma (zikwangwani zopepuka, mamita oimirira, ndi zina).

Zipangizozi ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zotheka kusonkhanitsa magetsi ochulukirapo magetsi amatulutsa zida usiku komanso nthawi ya mitambo, nthawi zambiri amagawana nawo mabatire.

Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magulu akuluakulu olumikizidwa, ngakhale kuti magetsi amasinthasintha munthawi ya tsiku ndi nyengo. Chifukwa chake, nkovuta kuneneratu osati kulinganiza.

Kuzindikira kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukwaniritsa zofuna zamagetsi nthawi iliyonse, kupatula kupanga magetsi nthawi iliyonse, kupatula kupanga madera ambiri otetezeka kuposa mitengo yapachaka. Komabe, kukhala chiwopsezo chopanga mphamvu za dzuwa m'lilimwe, kumatha kuchotsa nthawi yayitali chifukwa cha zowongolera mpweya.

Kodi ubwino ndi nkhawa ndi chiyani kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa kumaphatikizapo zabwino zonse zabwino komanso zowawa.

Otsutsa kapena zovuta zake ndi:

Kuwononga ndalama zambiri pa kilwatt kupezeka.
Amapereka bwino kwambiri.
Magwiridwe omwe adapeza amatengera dongosolo la dzuwa, nyengo, ndi kalendala. Pachifukwachi, ndizovuta kudziwa kuti ndi mphamvu yanji yamagetsi yomwe tidzatha kupeza nthawi yopatsidwa. Kuchoka kumeneku kumazimiririka ndi magwero ena, monga mphamvu ya nyukiliya kapena ya zinthu zakale.
Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu komwe kumafunikira kuti apange gulu la dzuwa. Kupanga mapanelo a Photovoltaic kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magwero osasinthika monga malasha.
Komabe, muyenera kuganizira zabwino za mphamvu za dzuwa:

Amalimbikitsa othandizira kuchepetsa mtengo ndi mphamvu zopindulitsa chifukwa cha chuma komanso ukadaulo wa ukadaulo mu machitidwe amtsogolo dzuwa.
Ponena za kusowa kwa gwero la mphamvu usiku, iwonso amafotokozanso kuti kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa kumwa zamagetsi kumafikira masana, ndiye kuti, pakupanga kwakukulu kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa.
Ndi gwero labwino kwambiri. Mwanjira ina, ndizosatheka.
Sizikudetsa mphamvu: sizipanga mpweya wowonjezera kutentha ndipo, chifukwa chake, sizikuthandizani kuti musinthe vuto la kusintha kwanyengo.
Wolemba: Ortiol Drads - wopanga mafakitale