Solar radiation: mitundu, katundu ndi tanthauzo
Tanthauzo la radiation ya Dzuwa: ndi mphamvu yotulutsidwa ndi Dzuwa mumlengalenga.
Tikamalankhula za kuchuluka kwa mphamvu za dzuwa zomwe zimafika padziko lapansi, timagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zowunikira komanso zowunikira.Kuwunikira kwadzuwa ndi mphamvu yomwe imalandiridwa pagawo lililonse (J/m2), mphamvu yolandilidwa munthawi yake.Momwemonso, kuwala kwadzuwa ndi mphamvu yolandiridwa nthawi yomweyo - imawonetsedwa mu watts pa lalikulu mita (W/m2)
Kuphatikizika kwa zida za nyukiliya kumachitika mu nyukiliya ya dzuwa ndipo ndizomwe zimapatsa mphamvu za Dzuwa.Ma radiation a nyukiliya amatulutsa ma radiation a electromagnetic pama frequency osiyanasiyana kapena mafunde.Ma radiation a electromagnetic amafalikira mumlengalenga pa liwiro la kuwala (299,792 km / s).
Kuwala kwa Dzuwa Kuvumbulutsidwa: Ulendo Wopita ku Mitundu ndi Kufunika kwa Ma radiation a Dzuwa
Mtengo umodzi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa;kusinthasintha kwa dzuwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma radiation omwe amalandira nthawi yomweyo pagawo la gawo lakunja kwa mlengalenga wa dziko lapansi mu ndege yomwe imayenderana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.Pafupifupi, mtengo wa dzuwa ndi 1.366 W / m2.
Mitundu ya Ma radiation a Solar
Ma radiation a dzuwa amapangidwa ndi mitundu iyi:
Ma radiation a infrared (IR): Ma radiation a infrared amapereka kutentha ndipo amayimira 49% ya kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Miyezi yowoneka (VI): imayimira 43% ya ma radiation ndikupereka kuwala.
Kuwala kwa Ultraviolet (ma radiation a UV): kumayimira 7%.
Mitundu ina ya cheza: imayimira pafupifupi 1% ya kuchuluka.
Mitundu ya Ultraviolet Rays
Kenako, kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV) kumagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:
Ultraviolet A kapena UVA: Amadutsa mosavuta mumlengalenga, kufika padziko lonse lapansi.
Ultraviolet B kapena UVB: Kutalika kwafupipafupi.Zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kudutsa mumlengalenga.Chotsatira chake, amafika ku equatorial zone mofulumira kuposa kumtunda wautali.
Ultraviolet C kapena UVC: Kutalika kwafupipafupi.Sadutsa mumlengalenga.M’malo mwake, mpweya wa ozoni umawamwetsa.
Katundu wa Solar Radiation
Kutentha kokwanira kwa dzuwa kumagawidwa mumtundu waukulu wa matalikidwe osagwirizana ndi mawonekedwe a belu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi thupi lakuda lomwe gwero la dzuwa limapangidwira.Chifukwa chake, sichimangoyang'ana pafupipafupi.
Kuchuluka kwa radiation kumakhazikika mu gulu la ma radiation kapena kuwala kowoneka bwino ndi nsonga ya 500 nm kunja kwa mlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi, womwe umagwirizana ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa cyan.
Malinga ndi lamulo la Wien, gulu la photosynthetically yogwira ntchito ma radiation oscillates pakati pa 400 ndi 700 nm, limafanana ndi cheza chowoneka, ndipo ndi lofanana ndi 41% ya ma radiation onse.Mkati mwa ma radiation a photosynthetically, pali ma subband okhala ndi ma radiation:
blue-violet (400-490 nm)
zobiriwira (490-560 nm)
yellow (560-590 nm)
lalanje-wofiira (590-700 nm)
Powoloka mlengalenga, ma radiation adzuwa amawunikira, kuwunikiridwa, kuyamwa, ndi kufalikira ndi mipweya yosiyanasiyana ya mumlengalenga kumlingo wosinthika ngati ntchito yanthawi zambiri.
Mpweya wa dziko lapansi umagwira ntchito ngati sefa.Mbali yakunja ya mlengalenga imatenga mbali ina ya chezacho, kuonetsa mbali ina yonse mumlengalenga.Zinthu zina zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati sefa ndi carbon dioxide, mitambo, ndi nthunzi wamadzi, zomwe nthawi zina zimasandulika kukhala cheza chofalikira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwa dzuwa sikufanana kulikonse.Mwachitsanzo, madera otentha amalandira kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri chifukwa kuwala kwa Dzuwa kumakhala kozungulira kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa Chiyani Kutentha kwa Dzuwa Ndikofunikira?
Mphamvu ya dzuwa ndiye gwero lalikulu lamphamvu, motero, injini yomwe imayendetsa chilengedwe chathu.Mphamvu yadzuwa imene timalandira kudzera m'macheza adzuwa ndi imene imachititsa zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri pa zinthu zamoyo monga photosynthesis, kukonza kutentha kwa mpweya wa pulaneti kuti n'kogwirizana ndi zamoyo, kapenanso mphepo.
Mphamvu yadzuwa yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe imafika padziko lapansi ndi yayikulu kuwirikiza ka 10,000 kuposa mphamvu yomwe anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano.
Kodi Kutentha kwa Dzuwa Kumakhudza Bwanji Thanzi?
Ma radiation a Ultraviolet amatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana pakhungu la munthu kutengera mphamvu yake komanso kutalika kwa mafunde ake.
Ma radiation a UVA amatha kuyambitsa kukalamba msanga kwa khungu komanso khansa yapakhungu.Zingayambitsenso mavuto a maso ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
Ma radiation a UVB amayambitsa kutentha kwa dzuwa, kuchita mdima, kukhuthala kwa khungu, melanoma, ndi mitundu ina ya khansa yapakhungu.Zingayambitsenso mavuto a maso ndi chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mpweya wa ozone umalepheretsa ma radiation ambiri a UVC kufika padziko lapansi.Pazachipatala, ma radiation a UVC amathanso kuchokera ku nyale zina kapena mulingo wa laser ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha majeremusi kapena kuthandiza kuchiritsa mabala.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda ena a khungu monga psoriasis, vitiligo, ndi tinatake tozungulira pakhungu zomwe zimayambitsa T-cell lymphoma.
Wolemba: Oriol Planas - Industrial Technical Engineer
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-27-2023